Specific morbidities investigated included diarrhoea, respiratory infections, otitis, urinary infection, meningitis, and low growth. Several studies mentioned that the mothers who breastfeed were less risks for certain poor health outcomes. Web site addresses of nonfederal organizations are provided solely as a service to readers. Provides the right balance of nutrients to support the infants growth and development.
Pdf factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months. The continuation with the complementary will proceed until the child reaches age two. Cohorts b and c were from the first 5 months and second 5 months, respectively after the practice change. Reasons for stopping exclusive breastfeeding between three. Exclusive breastfeeding, prevalence and maternal concerns.
Individualized intervention to improve rates of exclusive breastfeeding. Pdf a prospective cohort study was conducted in 315 mothernewborn dyads from valdivia, chile. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months asia pacific journal of. This study aims to develop an understanding of why exclusive breastfeeding tails off so dramatically between three and six months after birth in new zealand. Provision of an address does not constitute an endorsement of this organization by cdc or the federal. Because of the demonstrated benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, in 2001 the who recommended that infants should. The return to work due to short maternity leave time may hinder employed mothers from breastfeeding their infants exclusively for the recommended six. Among infants under two months of age, 79 % were reported to have received only breast milk. Observational studies of exclusive vs mixed breastfeeding for 3 7 months, developed countries 16 discussion 19 summary of findings 19 implications for future research 19 conclusion 19 references 21 annexes 25 annex 1. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding within 4 months after. Jul 29, 2019 lack of exclusive breastfeeding is the most important risk factor for infant and young child morbidity and mortality. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the essential actions for infant development and survival. Breast milk and breastfeeding provides many health benefits for mothers and babies. It was 2001 when the world health organisation announced that exclusive breastfeeding for six months was best for babies.
Exclusive breastfeeding is common but not universal in very early infancy in egypt. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among. The results of two controlled trials and 21 other studies suggest that exclusive breastfeeding no solids or liquids besides human milk, other than vitamins and medications for six months has several advantages over exclusive breastfeeding for three to four months followed by mixed breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding for more than three months. December 31, 2012 page 1 breastfeeding definitions and data collection periods introduction. Having realtime access to clinical staff in the hospital is an. But this research is telling us that by breastfeeding an infant for more than three months, the likelihood of eczema persisting later into childhood drops significantly. Nowadays, the who recommends an exclusive breastfeeding period for the first six months. Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life stimulates babies immune systems and protects them from diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections two of the major causes of infant mortality in the developing world and improves their responses. Aug 22, 2018 the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first six months of life has remained low worldwide and in ghana, despite strong evidence in support of its practice. A questionnaire was administered to mothers before 48. The 2009 breastfeeding report card shows how breastfeeding is being protected, promoted, and supported in each state. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is very low in many developing countries including ethiopia. The study therefore sought to assess the challenges and predictors of ebf among mothers.
The best physiological window of opportunity to stimulate lactation begins immediately after delivery, in the inpatient setting. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant mortality due to common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea or pneumonia, and helps for a quicker recovery during illness. Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding across three time. In order to analyze infant sleepwake behavior at two weeks, three and six months according to the feeding method at three months exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, and exclusive formula feeding, multivariate analyses of covariance mancova were performed. Aim is identifying, prevalence and maternal concerns of exclusive breastfeeding in kas and are. Exclusive breastfeeding is the most efficacious form of infant feeding for the first six months of life. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of exclusive versus non exclusive breastfeeding on specific infant morbidities from birth to nine months, in conakry, guinea. Exclusive breastfeeding is enough to the needs of infants less than six months without any addition. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is recommended by the world health organization and united nations childrens fund. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among.
This allows you to make comparisons across states and indicators and work to increase breastfeeding nationwide. Exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleep. Breastfeeding composition changes over time to meet the infants changing nutritional. The american academy of pediatrics recommends that infants be exclusively breastfed for about the first 6 months with continued breastfeeding alongside introduction of complementary foods for at least 1 year. Unicef progress for children exclusive breastfeeding. Timing of initiation, patterns of breastfeeding, and. Public health authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of infancy american academy of pediatrics, 2012, world health organization, 2009. Diarrhoea 411 mo exclusive breastfeeding partial breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3 months of life may. Breastfed infants are commonly reported to sleep less, wake more and show less prolonged sleep at night when compared with formula fed infants. Pediatrics recommend at least six months of exclusive breastfeeding, which. Jul 10, 2017 exclusive breastfeeding by other characteristics. In 2003 the then labour minister hazel blears adopted the recommendation.
In a descriptive crosssectional study, 393 motherinfant pairs attending child. Most health authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months. Pdf exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant. Our results encourage exclusive breastfeeding for first 3 months of life through health. These nutrients are provided in a form that is easy to digest and absorb. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers. The early practices supporting breastfeeding are well practiced with rate of exclusive breastfeeding reaching 63. Among all mothers who participated in the study, nearly three fourths 74. Breastfeeding definitions and data collection periods. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practices by using communication for development breastfeeding is a natural safety net against the worst effects of poverty. The sample consisted of 2583 motherchild pairs, with children aged from 15 days to 3 months.
However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in ethiopia has been estimated at 52% which is far less. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first six months of life has remained low worldwide and in ghana, despite strong evidence in support of its practice. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the tamale metropolis of ghana. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of exclusive versus nonexclusive breastfeeding on specific infant morbidities from birth to nine months, in conakry, guinea. Pdf factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding. Supporting breastfeeding during the hospital stay is ideal for a number of reasons.
Infants exclusively breastfed for 4 or more months have half the mean. Benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, breast milk or breastfeeding. Comparative statistics were applied to the three cohorts to examine differences in exclusive breastfeeding rates. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3 months was associated with a reduced risk of respiratory allergies and was also associated with reduced risk of asthma, but in the present study, only among children without a family predisposition of asthma. Breastfeeding and infant temperament at age three months. In this study, ebf refers to birth of the infants up to six months. Delaying the first newborn bath and exclusive breastfeeding. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding healthy newborn. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months versus three to four months, with continued mixed breastfeeding thereafer reduces gastrointestinal infection and helps the mother lose weight and prevent pregnancy but has no longterm impact on allergic disease, growth. Human milk is the ideal nourishment for infants survival, growth and development. Breastfeeding contributes to the health and wellbeing of mothers, it helps to space children, reduces the risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer, increases family and national.
Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers. The effects of exclusive versus nonexclusive breastfeeding. Although who and unice if recommends early initiation of breastfeeding within an hour from birth and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. In the multivariable analyses, exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months was associated with a reduced relative risk of respiratory allergies of 0.
Breastfeeding composition changes over time to meet the infants changing. The challenges and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding ebf have been examined in many parts of the world. Child needs not to drink water after the sufficient feeding is provided inch 2003. Pdf this study assessed infant sleepwake behavior at two weeks, three and six months as function of feeding method at three months. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding. Breastfeeding, initiated within the first hour of birth, provided exclusively for six months, and continued up to two years or beyond with the provision of safe and appropriate complementary foods, is one of the most powerful practices for promoting child survival and wellbeing. Exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleepwake. For example, at 3 months of age, breastfed infants are reported to show. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. Consequently, the who and unicef 1990 have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for six months, followed by introduction of complementary foods and continued breastfeeding for 24 months or more.
Bfhi section 2 final 14may09 world health organization. Exclusive breastfeeding ebf, defined as administering only breast milk and no other liquids or fluids or foods, 1 is estimated to have wideranging impacts on mortality, morbidity, cognition and womens health. The only exceptions are rehydration salts and syrups that contain medicine. Breastfeeding, with its many known health benefits for infants, children, and mothers, is a key strategy to improve public health. Survey data from the infant feeding practices study ii and its year 6 followup was utilized to complete this research. Sep 09, 20 exclusive breastfeeding should be given from birth up to 6 months and continued breastfeeding is recommended with appropriate complementary food until the child celebrates hisher second year birth day without water, food or drink. However, the proportion exclusively breastfed drops off rapidly among older infants by the age 45 months. To investigate the association between postpartum depression and the occurrence of exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is a gift that only you can give to your baby. Breastfeeding at 6 months breastfeeding at 12 months exclusive breastfeeding through 3 months exclusive breastfeeding through 6 months breastfed infants receiving formula before 2 days of age live births occuring at babyfriendly facilities, 2018 us national 83.
Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among. Association between postpartum depression and the practice of. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding mothers and babies. Demographic information, birth type, bath timing, and feeding data were collected. Benefits of breastfeeding and risks associated with not. Considering the sociocultural dynamics and the few research studies in ghana, the factors that hinder and predict ebf practice in other countries may be different in the ghanaian setting. Exclusive breastfeeding breast milk only is recommended for the first six months, and breastfeeding should continue with the introduction of other foods for at least one year after birth. Continued breastfeeding is then recommended for at least one year. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding is the most important risk factor for infant and young child morbidity and mortality. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is the optimal way to feed infants. Exclusive breastfeeding was also associated with the lower mortality during the first 6 months of life months mortality.
Pdf exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleep. Challenges and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among. A better understanding of the factors that influence ebf is important in order to promote appropriate infant feeding practices. Association between postpartum depression and the practice. Mothers and babies benefit the most when breast milk is the only food or liquid given to babies for the first six months exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers expectations and factors influencing exclusive. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers of infants from three to five months old in the fafan zone, somali regional state of ethiopia. The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors. Observational studies of exclusive vs mixed breastfeeding for 3 7 months, developing countries 15 comparison 3. The top three breastfeeding challenges of mothers were. Timing of initiation, patterns of breastfeeding, and infant. This is a crosssectional study conducted in the states of the northeast region, during the vaccination campaign in 2010. Exclusive breastfeeding should be given from birth up to 6 months and continued breastfeeding is recommended with appropriate complementary food until the child celebrates hisher second year birth day without water, food or drink.
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