Pdf a prospective cohort study was conducted in 315 mothernewborn dyads from valdivia, chile. However, the proportion exclusively breastfed drops off rapidly among older infants by the age 45 months. Exclusive breastfeeding should be given from birth up to 6 months and continued breastfeeding is recommended with appropriate complementary food until the child celebrates hisher second year birth day without water, food or drink. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. Breastfeeding and infant temperament at age three months. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is very low in many developing countries including ethiopia. Scant published qualitative literature exists focusing on why exclusive breastfeeding rates decline between three and six months. Reasons for stopping exclusive breastfeeding between three. Web site addresses of nonfederal organizations are provided solely as a service to readers. Specific morbidities investigated included diarrhoea, respiratory infections, otitis, urinary infection, meningitis, and low growth. Pdf exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleep. Having realtime access to clinical staff in the hospital is an. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among.
The continuation with the complementary will proceed until the child reaches age two. Breastfeeding definitions and data collection periods. Public health authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of infancy american academy of pediatrics, 2012, world health organization, 2009. Exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleepwake. Unicef progress for children exclusive breastfeeding.
Provides the right balance of nutrients to support the infants growth and development. Exclusive breastfeeding breast milk only is recommended for the first six months, and breastfeeding should continue with the introduction of other foods for at least one year after birth. The return to work due to short maternity leave time may hinder employed mothers from breastfeeding their infants exclusively for the recommended six. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months versus three to four months, with continued mixed breastfeeding thereafer reduces gastrointestinal infection and helps the mother lose weight and prevent pregnancy but has no longterm impact on allergic disease, growth. Provision of an address does not constitute an endorsement of this organization by cdc or the federal.
This study aims to develop an understanding of why exclusive breastfeeding tails off so dramatically between three and six months after birth in new zealand. Delaying the first newborn bath and exclusive breastfeeding. Bfhi section 2 final 14may09 world health organization. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3 months of life may. Survey data from the infant feeding practices study ii and its year 6 followup was utilized to complete this research. These nutrients are provided in a form that is easy to digest and absorb. Observational studies of exclusive vs mixed breastfeeding for 3 7 months, developing countries 15 comparison 3. Jul 29, 2019 lack of exclusive breastfeeding is the most important risk factor for infant and young child morbidity and mortality. It was 2001 when the world health organisation announced that exclusive breastfeeding for six months was best for babies. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant mortality due to common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea or pneumonia, and helps for a quicker recovery during illness.
The sample consisted of 2583 motherchild pairs, with children aged from 15 days to 3 months. Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life stimulates babies immune systems and protects them from diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections two of the major causes of infant mortality in the developing world and improves their responses. Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers. If a child survives the first month of life exclusive breastfeeding goes a long way towards cancelling out the health difference between being born into poverty or being born into. The top three breastfeeding challenges of mothers were. December 31, 2012 page 1 breastfeeding definitions and data collection periods introduction.
Breastfeeding contributes to the health and wellbeing of mothers, it helps to space children, reduces the risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer, increases family and national. Observational studies of exclusive vs mixed breastfeeding for 3 7 months, developed countries 16 discussion 19 summary of findings 19 implications for future research 19 conclusion 19 references 21 annexes 25 annex 1. Demographic information, birth type, bath timing, and feeding data were collected. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is recommended by the world health organization and united nations childrens fund. A better understanding of the factors that influence ebf is important in order to promote appropriate infant feeding practices. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding is the most important risk factor for infant and young child morbidity and mortality. Timing of initiation, patterns of breastfeeding, and infant. Aug 22, 2018 the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first six months of life has remained low worldwide and in ghana, despite strong evidence in support of its practice. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among. Breastfeeding, with its many known health benefits for infants, children, and mothers, is a key strategy to improve public health. Among all mothers who participated in the study, nearly three fourths 74.
Association between postpartum depression and the practice of. But this research is telling us that by breastfeeding an infant for more than three months, the likelihood of eczema persisting later into childhood drops significantly. In a descriptive crosssectional study, 393 motherinfant pairs attending child. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of exclusive versus non exclusive breastfeeding on specific infant morbidities from birth to nine months, in conakry, guinea. Mothers expectations and factors influencing exclusive. This is a crosssectional study conducted in the states of the northeast region, during the vaccination campaign in 2010. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers of infants from three to five months old in the fafan zone, somali regional state of ethiopia.
In 2003 the then labour minister hazel blears adopted the recommendation. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among. The best physiological window of opportunity to stimulate lactation begins immediately after delivery, in the inpatient setting. Breastfeeding composition changes over time to meet the infants changing.
Benefits of breastfeeding and risks associated with not. Challenges and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among. In the multivariable analyses, exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months was associated with a reduced relative risk of respiratory allergies of 0. Infants exclusively breastfed for 4 or more months have half the mean. Breastfeeding at 6 months breastfeeding at 12 months exclusive breastfeeding through 3 months exclusive breastfeeding through 6 months breastfed infants receiving formula before 2 days of age live births occuring at babyfriendly facilities, 2018 us national 83. Although who and unice if recommends early initiation of breastfeeding within an hour from birth and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. Breastfeeding is a gift that only you can give to your baby. Mothers and babies benefit the most when breast milk is the only food or liquid given to babies for the first six months exclusive breastfeeding. Because of the demonstrated benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, in 2001 the who recommended that infants should. Pdf this study assessed infant sleepwake behavior at two weeks, three and six months as function of feeding method at three months. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first six months of life has remained low worldwide and in ghana, despite strong evidence in support of its practice. Among infants under two months of age, 79 % were reported to have received only breast milk.
Exclusive breastfeeding, prevalence and maternal concerns. Exclusive breastfeeding ebf, defined as administering only breast milk and no other liquids or fluids or foods, 1 is estimated to have wideranging impacts on mortality, morbidity, cognition and womens health. Individualized intervention to improve rates of exclusive breastfeeding. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in ethiopia has been estimated at 52% which is far less. Breastfeeding composition changes over time to meet the infants changing nutritional. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the tamale metropolis of ghana. The early practices supporting breastfeeding are well practiced with rate of exclusive breastfeeding reaching 63. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is the optimal way to feed infants.
Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers. The effects of exclusive versus nonexclusive breastfeeding. Most health authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding is common but not universal in very early infancy in egypt. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practices by using communication for development breastfeeding is a natural safety net against the worst effects of poverty.
The only exceptions are rehydration salts and syrups that contain medicine. Benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, breast milk or breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3 months was associated with a reduced risk of respiratory allergies and was also associated with reduced risk of asthma, but in the present study, only among children without a family predisposition of asthma. Pdf factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months.
Comparative statistics were applied to the three cohorts to examine differences in exclusive breastfeeding rates. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of exclusive versus nonexclusive breastfeeding on specific infant morbidities from birth to nine months, in conakry, guinea. The american academy of pediatrics recommends that infants be exclusively breastfed for about the first 6 months with continued breastfeeding alongside introduction of complementary foods for at least 1 year. This allows you to make comparisons across states and indicators and work to increase breastfeeding nationwide. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers.
Consequently, the who and unicef 1990 have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for six months, followed by introduction of complementary foods and continued breastfeeding for 24 months or more. Exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant sleep. The challenges and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding ebf have been examined in many parts of the world. Our results encourage exclusive breastfeeding for first 3 months of life through health. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months asia pacific journal of. The study therefore sought to assess the challenges and predictors of ebf among mothers. Association between postpartum depression and the practice. Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding across three time. Diarrhoea 411 mo exclusive breastfeeding partial breastfeeding. Child needs not to drink water after the sufficient feeding is provided inch 2003. A questionnaire was administered to mothers before 48. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the essential actions for infant development and survival. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding healthy newborn. Breast milk and breastfeeding provides many health benefits for mothers and babies.
In this study, ebf refers to birth of the infants up to six months. Exclusive breastfeeding for more than three months. Exclusive breastfeeding was also associated with the lower mortality during the first 6 months of life months mortality. Several studies mentioned that the mothers who breastfeed were less risks for certain poor health outcomes. Exclusive breastfeeding is the most efficacious form of infant feeding for the first six months of life. Supporting breastfeeding during the hospital stay is ideal for a number of reasons. In order to analyze infant sleepwake behavior at two weeks, three and six months according to the feeding method at three months exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, and exclusive formula feeding, multivariate analyses of covariance mancova were performed. Cohorts b and c were from the first 5 months and second 5 months, respectively after the practice change. For example, at 3 months of age, breastfed infants are reported to show. Human milk is the ideal nourishment for infants survival, growth and development. Aim is identifying, prevalence and maternal concerns of exclusive breastfeeding in kas and are.
Breastfeeding, initiated within the first hour of birth, provided exclusively for six months, and continued up to two years or beyond with the provision of safe and appropriate complementary foods, is one of the most powerful practices for promoting child survival and wellbeing. To investigate the association between postpartum depression and the occurrence of exclusive breastfeeding. Considering the sociocultural dynamics and the few research studies in ghana, the factors that hinder and predict ebf practice in other countries may be different in the ghanaian setting. Jul 10, 2017 exclusive breastfeeding by other characteristics. Nowadays, the who recommends an exclusive breastfeeding period for the first six months.
Breastfed infants are commonly reported to sleep less, wake more and show less prolonged sleep at night when compared with formula fed infants. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding within 4 months after. Timing of initiation, patterns of breastfeeding, and. Continued breastfeeding is then recommended for at least one year. Exclusive breastfeeding is enough to the needs of infants less than six months without any addition. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding mothers and babies. Pdf factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding. The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors.
Sep 09, 20 exclusive breastfeeding should be given from birth up to 6 months and continued breastfeeding is recommended with appropriate complementary food until the child celebrates hisher second year birth day without water, food or drink. The results of two controlled trials and 21 other studies suggest that exclusive breastfeeding no solids or liquids besides human milk, other than vitamins and medications for six months has several advantages over exclusive breastfeeding for three to four months followed by mixed breastfeeding. Pdf exclusive breastfeeding at three months and infant. The 2009 breastfeeding report card shows how breastfeeding is being protected, promoted, and supported in each state.
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